BREATHING · SLOW BELLY-FIRST INHALE · SLOW EXHALE
Diaphragmatic Breathing (Belly Breathing)
Diaphragmatic breathing — slow, belly-led inhales with the shoulders relaxed — is the single technique with the deepest clinical literature. It is the foundation of HRV biofeedback, cardiac rehab, and many anxiety interventions. Five to ten minutes a day moves baseline HRV within weeks.
Updated April 2026·5 min read
How to do it
- Get comfortable. Sit or lie down with shoulders relaxed.
- Hand on belly. Place one hand on your belly, one on your chest. The belly hand should do most of the moving.
- Inhale through the nose. Inhale slowly for 4 seconds. The belly expands; the chest barely moves.
- Exhale through pursed lips. Exhale slowly for 6 seconds through pursed lips, as if cooling soup. The belly falls.
- Continue for 10 minutes. Ten minutes daily, for 6 to 8 weeks, is the dose supported by the clinical literature.
Why clinicians love this one
Diaphragmatic breathing is the technique clinicians reach for first because it is the most boring and the most studied. HRV biofeedback research by Lehrer and Gevirtz documents effects on anxiety, depression, asthma, IBS, and cardiovascular measures at 5 to 6 breaths per minute with diaphragmatic form. It is not glamorous. It works.
If you do one thing from this library every day for the rest of the year, make it this. Every other technique is a refinement of this.
What the research says
The evidence base for Diaphragmatic Breathing (Belly Breathing) rests on:
- Lehrer & Gevirtz, 2014 (Frontiers in Psychology)
- Zaccaro et al., 2018 (Frontiers in Human Neuroscience)
- Yasuma & Hayano, 2004 (Chest)
When to use it
- Daily, as a foundation practice
- After strenuous exercise, to down-regulate
- As the default breath during any other meditation
Try it in the Loam app
Diaphragmatic Breathing (Belly Breathing) is included in Loam's breathing library with an animated breath visualizer, optional haptic cues at every phase transition, and configurable durations. Download Loam to practice it.
Related techniques
Back to the full breathing library, or try: Three-Part Breath (Dirga), resonance, Sama Vritti (Equal Breath).